Apr 3, 2008
The Gaza Strip is a densely populated area. More than 1 200 000 inhabitants live in an area of only 365 km2. The environmental situation has deteriorated owing to the difficulties and constraints associated with the ongoing political situation in the region. Three wastewater treatment plants have been constructed in the area to serve the population. Stabilization ponds [...]
The Gaza Strip is a densely populated area. More than 1 200 000 inhabitants live in an area of only 365 km2. The environmental situation has deteriorated owing to the difficulties and constraints associated with the ongoing political situation in the region. Three wastewater treatment plants have been constructed in the area to serve the population. Stabilization ponds and aerated lagoons are the current wastewater treatment systems. The existing plants are overloaded and poorly managed, with the result that the effluent quality is slightly better ... Read More
Apr 2, 2008
As water flows over a spillway, oxygen can dissolve into water. This process has environmental importance along rivers. For example, if the amount of dissolved oxygen (DO) is too small in a river, then aquatic life such as fish die, and the river may emit an odour. Thus, there is a range of DO concentrations [...]
As water flows over a spillway, oxygen can dissolve into water. This process has environmental importance along rivers. For example, if the amount of dissolved oxygen (DO) is too small in a river, then aquatic life such as fish die, and the river may emit an odour. Thus, there is a range of DO concentrations that define an acceptable level of water quality. Recent researches have focused on developing measurement and predictive techniques for oxygen transfer at hydraulic structures to maintain and ... Read More
Apr 1, 2008
Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) represent a newly developed wastewater treatment process in which secondary clarifier is replaced with membrane filtration devices. As the activated sludge is filtered by the physical barrier of a membrane, effluent does not contain suspended solids and the mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) level can be maintained very high (5000–30 000 mg/L). Consequently, the [...]
Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) represent a newly developed wastewater treatment process in which secondary clarifier is replaced with membrane filtration devices. As the activated sludge is filtered by the physical barrier of a membrane, effluent does not contain suspended solids and the mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) level can be maintained very high (5000–30 000 mg/L). Consequently, the overall system becomes more compact and sludge retention time in the aeration basin can be increased to 20–100 days.
One of the biggest limitations of cross-flow-type MBR processes ... Read More
Feb 15, 2008
Approximately half of the land surface of England and Wales consists of the outcrop or subcrop of productive aquifers and about a tenth of this area was urbanised by 2002. This proportion continues to increase and has been matched in the last 60 years by a significant decline in pumped withdrawals from urban aquifers in [...]
Approximately half of the land surface of England and Wales consists of the outcrop or subcrop of productive aquifers and about a tenth of this area was urbanised by 2002. This proportion continues to increase and has been matched in the last 60 years by a significant decline in pumped withdrawals from urban aquifers in favour of supply by rural and periurban boreholes.
The current trends of expanding urbanisation on land overlying productive aquifer and on increasing reliance on supplies from the remaining ... Read More
